Well according to my personal and unbiased observation
and analysis, there are 2 most common and really up-to-date toxins that
infiltrates and “destroy” the students’ lives…
one of these is..
one of these is..
Haha.. Believe it or not, many teenagers nowadays were
being brought to rehab and counseling centers due to love overdose; and sad to
say, some even commit suicide. They were poisoned by love, (well wrong love or
possibly right love at the wrong time)..
And the last one is…
Ohhhhhhhhhh…. Like really ohhh… its like, students’
bodies produce toxins whenever they see books and test papers and lectures and
even their teachers…. Hahaha
So are you ready now?? Let’s get down to the business…
"Everything
is poison, there is poison in everything. Only the dose makes a thing not a
poison." -Paracelsus
Toxicology… upon reading a lot of books, I can define
toxicology as the study of toxins. It is actually a branch of biology,
chemistry and medicine that study and details the adverse (harmful) effects of
any biological or non-biological substances on living organisms, particularly
upon humans.
Toxin
vs Toxicant vs. Poison
- Toxin - it is a poisonous substance that was biologically produced.
- e.g. bee sting, botulinum toxin
- Toxicant - it is a poisonous substance that was produced by humans (man made), or was introduced to our environment by human activities.
- e.g. insecticides, pesticides
- Poison - any substances (toxicants) that when taken even in small amounts may cause immediate illness or even death.
DIVISIONS OF TOXICOLOGY
Drug Abuse Screening (DAS)
Emergency Toxicology (ET) - is mainly the
study of the adverse effects of drugs in the context of an emergency situation.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) - it is a
division of toxicology wherein it focuses in the measurement of medication’s
concentration in the blood.
- Therapeutic dosage - It is the dosage which is beneficial to the patient.
- Sub-therapeutic dosage - the dosage that has no effects to the patient due to its too low concentration.
- Toxic dosage - it is the dosage that causes detrimental effects (death) to the patient due to its too high concentration.
Industrial
Toxicology - study that deals with the adverse effects of materials, products,
and waste on human and environment. It concerns factories that produces drugs,
pesticides, etc.
Forensic
- it deals with the medico-legal aspects of drug testing
MAJOR DISCIPLINES WITHIN TOXICOLOGY
1. Mechanistic
Toxicology - elucidates the cellular and biochemical effects of toxins.
2. Descriptive
Toxicology - uses the results from animal experiments to predict what level of
exposure will cause harm in human (RISK ASSESSMENT).
3. Forensic
Toxicology - primarily concerned with the medico-legal consequences of toxin
exposure.
4. Clinical Toxicology
- is the study of interrelationships between toxin exposure and disease states.
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
§ Ingestion - most
often seen in clinical setting.
§ Inhalation
§ Transdermal
adsorption
SOURCES
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